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Nutritional Science is the study of food choices. Nutritional Science not only studies nutrients but emphasizes molecular interactions and signaling pathways. It highlights the process through which biochemical processes function with food substances and change during metabolism. This helps maintain optimal health and reduces the risk of healthy cardiovascular and other major lifestyle diseases.
Plant Nutraceuticals are bioactive compounds that are found in food and nutritional supplements which help prevent disease and have medicinal properties. They help stabilize cellular components and play an important role in defense in the human body’s defense against infections. Nutraceuticals in allergic reactions protect low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) levels from damage. Vegetables and fruits containing lycopene nutraceuticals have anti-cancer properties. Thus, plant nutraceuticals help prevent diseases and maintain body homeostasis.
Clinical Nutrition helps analyze a person’s dietary intake. Clinical nutritionists keep your nutritional needs and lifestyle patterns in check. The health records of the person help to make recommendations on diet and their nutritional needs. It helps understand the body’s metabolic functioning and nutritional requirements and thus helps make changes to your diet and eat right in order to stay fit and healthy.
Pregnancy is the period when the body’s demands increase physiologically and nutritionally. Extra care and increased food intake is necessary to meet the demands of the growing fetus and the mother. The daily dietary intake of women during pregnancy usually increases by about 350 calories. Folic acid reduces congenital malfunctions. Iron is required to meet the high demands of erythropoiesis (RBC formation). Calcium strengthens the bones, prevents osteoporosis in the mother, and aids in breast milk secretion. Vitamins B12 and C are to be taken by the lactating mother. Along with the diet, physical exercise and adequate rest also play an important role in maintaining the daily dietary requirement during pregnancy.
The molecular mechanisms that modulate physiological functions comprise nutrigenetics. Nutrigenomics studies the bioactive interactions of food components with the genome. Dietary co-factors greatly influence the fidelity of DNA repair and replication. It helps understand how a particular nutrient interacts with the cellular machinery and takes part in the metabolic process. SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) are the genetic variations that occur in about 500–2000 bp throughout the human genome. These SNPs in the various genes interact and influence the metabolic response to diet. The science of nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics help in understanding the metabolic process at a molecular level.
Eating Disorders describe illnesses that are characterized by disturbed or abnormal eating habits and severe distress or concern about body weight or shape. The eating disorder research field is continually growing, and treatments are being developed and updated based on the discoveries. Healthy eating patterns can avoid eating disorders like bulimia nervosa and anorexia.
Any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles for energy expenditure or to burn calories and fats is Physical activity or exercise. The energy expenditure is measured in terms of kilocalories. Physical activity in daily life is of the following kinds sports, occupational, household, or other activities. Fitness and physical activity go in a long way in staying healthy, happy, and fit.
Sports Nutrition focuses on the type and quantity of fluids and food taken by a sportsperson. A sportsperson’s life is spent on practice, and training sessions in preparation for a competition. The right amount of fats, lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates needs to be adequately distributed in the diet to enhance their intermediate metabolism and meet the increasing demands posed by the body to maintain perfect fitness levels. Thus, sports nutrition maintains an athlete’s performance cycle, sleep cycle, and daily dietary intake.
Good nutrition, physical activity, and a healthy body weight contribute to a person’s overall health and well-being. They aid in minimizing a person’s threat of developing severe health conditions like high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, heart disease, stroke, and cancer. A nutritious diet, and consistent physical activity, help maintain a healthy weight and manage diseases. Physical activity and healthy eating minimize the occurrence of various lifestyle diseases. It also Improves mood and energy levels. This keeps the body healthy and prevents unnecessary complications.
Kinesiology draws upon ideas from several sciences, together with biomechanics, anatomy, physiology, and neurobiology. The study of kinesiology seeks to know the mechanics of human movement and pinpoints the specific muscles concerned with specific movements.
Aerobic Exercise is nothing but Cardio exercise. Aerobic Exercise improves fitness. it also has benefits for physical and emotional health. Aerobic Exercise can help to reduce the chance of developing cancers, diabetes, depression, cardiovascular disease, and osteoporosis.
Dietary factors significantly affect the risk of cancers. A healthy and balanced diet helps along with cancer treatment to cure cancer. Proper nutrition provides initiates faster recovery during cancer treatment. Vitamin D supplements Vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, and beta-carotene help prevent cancer.
Cellular and molecular research are envisioning a precise understanding of the mechanisms of several nutritional and Healthcare Disorders. These findings assist to evaluate the efficacy of therapeutic, and nutritional interventions and lead to more rational strategies for disease prevention and control. This detects the gene-nutrient interactions and dietary factors influencing disease processes mechanisms.
About 6-8% of Children are affected by Food allergies worldwide. When a certain food component is consumed it can sometimes trigger the immune system in the wrong way causing a hypersensitive reaction. This is termed a Food Allergy. These hypersensitive reactions cause signs and symptoms like digestive complications, rashes, or inflamed airways. Nutrition and diet have an important role in allergic disease. While prescription and over-the-counter drugs suppress allergy symptoms, proper nutrition can actually strengthen your immune system and gradually decrease the onset of allergic attacks.
Nutritional Immunology is important in immune defense and resistance to pathogens. Malnutrition or unhealthy eating is a major contributor to morbidity and mortality caused by infectious diseases, Excess nutrition, and its associated metabolic disorders impair immune function, and disrupt the relationship with symbiotic and commensal microbiota, thus increasing susceptibility to infectious disease. The actions of dietary compounds and in inflammation & immunity, examining how diet moderates the gut microbiome and mucosal immune responses help understand the importance of diet in coordination with immune responses.
Nutrition plays an important role in Bone Health. A properly balanced diet with sufficient vitamins, minerals, and fibers maintains the stability of the bone matrix. Adequate calcium intake which is a principal component of the bones, prevents osteolysis and maintains calcium homeostasis. Calcium in combination with Vitamin D in dietary supplements is found to reduce the incidence of osteoporotic hip fractures. Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Vitamin B12, and proteins are required to maintain bone health. All these food components help amino acids like lysine and proline to support the structure of collagen to promote the construction and operation of healthy bones.
Nutrition helps understand physiological body processes for the maintenance, growth, reproduction, health, and disease of an organism. Health is the social, emotional, and mental well-being of the organisms. Maintenance and good health constitute various physical, mental, and social factors. Aging is the gradual physical, psychological, and social change that leads to weakness, disease, or death. It includes oxidative stress, glycation, telomere shortening, side reactions, and mutations, causing progressive damage to the structure and functions of cells.
Nutritional Deficiencies mainly occur if there is an insufficient essential nutrient. An insufficient intake of essential nutrients like proteins, vitamins, carbohydrates, etc., in the diet can cause unnecessary complications. This can be controlled by eating a healthy balanced diet and reducing the unhealthy fat weight in the body. Iron deficiencies, vitamin deficiencies, and deficiencies of the various minerals in the body are all classified as nutritional deficiencies.
Nutritional Biochemistry involves physiology, medicine, microbiology, endocrinology, chemistry, and biology in the study of health, diet, nutrition, and disease. It studies biochemical approaches to identify metabolic pathways and elucidate the role of dietary components in regulating metabolism and gene expression.
Renal Nutrition is a diet that restricts foods with sodium, potassium, and phosphorus content. The diet is recommended for people with chronic renal diseases and dialysis the renal diet is restrictive and avoids foods that can worsen renal disease. The diet focuses on consuming high-quality protein and strictly limiting fluids.
Animal Nutrition focuses on the nutritional requirements of animals utilized in agriculture and food production. The majority of the dietary requirements of animals are kept in zoos, aquariums, and wildlife management. Cattle feed should contain all the vital nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, fiber, minerals, proteins, vitamins, and water. These nutrients can be supplied through supplementation not found in the basal diet. These maintain livestock health, weight, and product viability. This plays a major role in the breeding of animals and keeping them healthy.